Evaluation Of A Mixed Methodology - 1537 Words

According to Creswell (1994), the benefit of a mixed methodology provides triangulation of the results which adds more breadth and scope to a study. The mixed method approach allowed for a deeper look at how students actually communicated mathematical thinking with the use of journals. Also, since the teacher is the researcher, it allowed the researcher to gain more insight into the students’ thought processes and analyze the information in a more in depth manner (Kostos Shin 2010). Action research relates to a local setting, which this project clearly represented, taking place in second grade class room in a Chicago suburb. The quantitative data was represented by pre- and post-assessment scores from a standard type state†¦show more content†¦All questions required the students to explain why or why not they gave a particular answer. The last phase was that the teacher-researcher maintained a reflective journal which they used for recording information, observations, and conversations on days where there were mini-lessons and when students wrote in their journals C1. Appropriateness of Data Collection Methods The data collection methods used are deemed appropriate for this action research project utilizing mixed methods. The qualitative data collected, student interviews and teacher-researcher reflective journal entries provided sufficient information for a comprehensive and clear analysis of good quality. It provided support as to what the researcher had set out to accomplish in the study, which was to show how math journals enhance second graders’ communication of mathematical thinking. The same can be inferred from the quantitative data collection, in which pre- and post-assessment scores were collected from pre- and post-instruction, to show learning progression by using math journals. These collection methods are appropriate for this study, and continue to align with problem and statement of purpose. D. Data Analysis Techniques The data analysis techniques employed for the studyShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodology Used For Research1207 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology Introduction This chapter discusses the methodology used for this research. Describing type of methodology in research study and define the chosen method and approach for this research. Then, the outline of research strategy used, framework this research conducted and data sources collected to obtain valid and reliable research as the objective determined. Review of Research of Methodology Broadly speaking, there are several purpose of research. It depends on the objectiveRead MoreThe Limitations Of Language : Male Participants, Stoicism, And Qualitative Research Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic development. A contextual analysis. 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Born on the Fourth of July Free Essays

Born on The 4th of July is a film based on the true story of Ron Kovic, a young, naive man who went to Vietnam in the noble efforts of serving his country – once there, he was shot in the chest and was forever paralyzed. He returned to a United States which didn’t believe in the war, and didn’t believe in him. He soon grows embittered with life, losing his chances to be a man, condemned to a wheelchair for the rest of his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Born on the Fourth of July or any similar topic only for you Order Now He eventually joins the anti-war movement, gets thrown out of the Republican Convention where Richard Nixon is speaking, and finally is allowed to speak at the Democratic National Convention in 1976. The idyllic 1950’s to the turbulent 1960’s represented a dynamic shift in American culture. The end of World War II prompted a booming economy and the American dream of your own house with the white picket fence was born. Although the 50’s were picturesque in some respect the end of WWII entrenched a deep fear of Communism. As America entered Vietnam the conservative ideals of the WWII generation clashed with the rising student and youth awareness. This movie represents a modern view of the Vietnam War era and the transformation that occurred throughout the country with varying degrees of historical accuracy. The opening scene of the movie pictures the mood of the country in the mid to late fifties. It romanticizes war with the parade scene and the kids playing army. This plays on the theme that some war is good, or at least justifiable. Kovic, the main character of the film, is a patriotic person wanting to serve his country and believing that Vietnam would be his chance. . The U. S. became polarized over the war. Many supporters of U. S. involvement argued for what was known as the domino theory, a theory that believed if one country fell to communism, then the bordering countries would be sure to fall as well, much like falling dominoes. This theory was largely held due to the fall of eastern Europe to communism and the Soviet sphere of influence following World War II. In the movie as Kovic and his friends discuss entertaining the Marines the ideas of containment and the domino theory are discussed. Kovic enlist and the Marines, where he fights on the front line of the Vietnam war. He is later shot and thus paralyzed from half of his body. Kovic spends months in a Veteran hospital in Brooklyn, NY. The conditions of this hospital are deplorable. Patients are left to lie in their own fecal matter while they are ignored and mistreated by the Doctors and Nurses. It is then that Kovic begins to see how Americans felt about the war he so proudly went into. By 1970 nearly 50,000 had already been killed and up to 200,000 wounded. Even though this number paled in comparison to the 100,000 South Vietnamese and more than 500,000 North Vietnamese who had died, many Americans thought the number far too high for the mere defense of a strip of jungle on the other side of the world. Morale had fallen to an all-time low both for the families at home and for the men in the field. Veterans’ protest groups such as the Vietnam Veterans Against the War became increasingly vocal, attacking U. S. policy after they came home. Kovic eventually joined this group emerging as a strong voice against the war. The neglect and resentment of veterans was an unfortunate social effect of the war. While after other wars, the soldiers were welcomed back with parades and open arms, the Vietnam veterans were shunned, demeaned and booed. This was accurately depicted in this movie when Kovic returns and is mistreated at the hospital, and during a Fourth of July Parade he is booded at. Since it was such an unpopular war, Americans held veterans responsible for the war, although many of them did not approve of the war either. The veterans’ situation was a tough one, especially with little or no support. About 150,000 veterans came home wounded, or amputated, and at least 21,000 were permanently disabled, unable to work for the rest of their lives. Many developed illnesses after the war such as cancers liver disease and rashes, mostly due to exposure to Agent Orange. Having seen the horrors of Vietnam, many veterans were psychologically scarred. Nightmares, anxiety causing flashbacks, and fits of terror from loud noises were common behaviors reported amongst veterans. Approximately 830,000 survivors of Vietnam suffered mental and emotional disorders and showed symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) However many were unable to get the help they needed and deserved, because they were perceived as crazy and dangerous, and even deserving of their circumstance. Economic medical and educational aid was not made available to them right away, and many veterans felt abandoned by the country they served. In trying to deal with this situation, some veterans developed drug or alcohol habits and many felt driven to suicide. As the proud daughter of one of these Vietnam Veterans, I can tell you that this movie was difficult to watch at times. Growing up, most of my memories with my father are going to see him in the Veterans hospital. Therefore, I had the privilege of growing up around many Vietnam war Veterans. I saw firsthand the self medicating of drugs and alcohol. Many times when my sisters and I would visit my father, we never really knew who we were going to get, the fun loving father, or the drugged up father. As I got older my father slowly began to talk about his experiences in Vietnam. My father’s accounts of what happened during the war and after the war, are chilling. This movie accurately depicted many of them, as the stories my father has are not so different from many American Heroes that Served in the Vietnam War. References http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/vietnamwar/section9.rhtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_U.S._involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War How to cite Born on the Fourth of July, Essay examples Born on the Fourth of July Free Essays ————————————————- Born on the Fourth of July The ending of the WWII culminated with the beginning of the cold war. The cold war was a major political and military conflict between the superpowers of America and the Soviet Union. The conflict is also an insight of the rising democracy and the attempts on removing the communism. We will write a custom essay sample on Born on the Fourth of July or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the 1960’s America joined the Vietnam War on the South Vietnamese side, against their opponents inspired by the communist ideology: North Vietnam, China and the Soviet Union. The Vietnam War was the escalation of the Cold War. Its purpose was to invent democracy as well as protecting the nationalism. America suffered from massive casualties and the numbers of the wounded were virtually triple. The book â€Å"Born on the Fourth of July† by Ron Kovic, depict the author himself as a returned marine soldier who was hurt in battle. The book gives the reader a personal experience and terrifying good insight of the Vietnam War close up. The main subjects of the book are patriotism, heroism, anti-war activism and betrayal by a man’s own country. I will in this essay analyze the narrator as well as making a complete characterization of Ron Kovic. Finally I will analyze the language and include the usage of symbols and imagery. The narration and the point of view are rather significant in the book as we are introduced to different narration methods. The entire story is narrated by Ron Kovic who is also the author of the book. This means that the book is high likely an authentic biography, which also make sense as the narrator includes authentic historical events, for example the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The narration is primarily in first-person, but sometimes the narration shifts to third-person. The shifting narration results in a hard understanding of the plot, and is a bit confusing. I think the shifting narration has a metaphoric meaning, because the narrator only narrates in third-person while he is in the military or fighting the war. The figurative sense could be that he loses his individual ways of acting, and instead is forced to pay attention and to obey orders. Some arguments might militate that the narrator loses his ability to express himself as a human being, and perhaps he wants to illustrate that the military makes you their puppet. This aspect can be supported by the many American casualties and the political reason of the war. The military sort of threw human lives away for no particular reason. It is clear that both of the narration methods are omniscient, as the narrator is able to describe feelings, thoughts, memories etc. but the point of view is still limited as we only are seeing aspects from the narrator himself. There are few dialogues in the text, because the narrator wants to express his feelings about the war and his injury rather than talking to other persons. The narrator is of course close related to Ron Kovic, as they are the same person. This paragraph contains a complete characterization of Kovic. Ronald Lawrence Kovic was born on the fourth of July and was raised in Massapequa, New York. We are following Kovic from a kid to a grown up. When he was young he loved baseball, especially the New York Yankees player Mickey Mantle. Kovic also used to play warlike games with his best childhood friend Richie Castiglia. They both dreamed about joining the United States Marine Corps. Kovic was very interested in war movies. His favorite movie starring his favorite actor was â€Å"The Sands of Iwo Jima† with John Wayne. He especially liked the scene where the marines were raising the American flag on a high hill. He saw them as national heroes, and he really wanted to mimic their style. One extraordinary aspect about his childhood is his rising empathy and patriotism for his country. For example he mentions that he cries during the explosion of the American satellite â€Å"Vanguard. He also mentions that he is crying on behalf of America. This aspect gets clarified as he grows up. As a teenager Ron Kovic gained an interest in his muscular body. He began to wrestle and build his body in the gym. Besides getting stronger, he also got an interest in the opposite gender, but he had no real relation to them. His biggest desire was to be a good athlete, a good catholic and to be a hero for his country. The whole bodybuilding aspect is sort of paradoxical and ironic, because the body he put so much effort in was to no avail as he returned back as a cripple. He was convinced that he was unbeatable, but ironically, his biggest desire about joining the military was the aspect that beat him. He also appears to be a lot masculine, as he trained his body and wanted to engage in combat. This masculinity disappears when he returned home. Ron Kovic joined the Marines in 1964 at age 18, and then participated in the Vietnam War. He experienced certain inhuman events that seem to hunt him after the war. Kovic got first hit in the foot and later hit in the right shoulder, suffering from a collapsed lung and a spinal cord injury, which made him paralyzed from the chest down. He was sort of happy when he first got hit, because he was now able to go home. He obliviously hated to be in Vietnam, properly because of the terrifying things he had seen there. Kovic became even more religious when he returned home in a wheelchair, and he started to pray every night, in hope of being able to use his body again. The religious aspect also indicates his dedication and willpower as he never gives up trying. He became lonely and he had no real friends left. Besides that he had never really had a sexual life, and his opportunity to obtain that was spilled. Ron Kovic felt that his country had reacted inappropriate on his injury. His country did not pay enough to the hospitals where the wounded from the war were located, and they actually did not care for them. This aspect made Kovic into an antiwar-activist, fighting for human rights and global peace. I believe that Ron Kovic is naive. He thought that entering a war as hero and returning back as it as well were a matter of course. He had not really thought of the horrible consequences the war had as follows. This also makes him a lot brave as he just takes the plunge. The usage of symbols and imagery an important topic to focus on, as they reveal some of messages in the book. Also the language will be worth analyzing because of its sovereignty. The language in the book is quite easy to read, throughout that a lot of the text is in a colloquial language. As the book is an authentic memoir we must suppose that all the talking statements are real too. It is mentioned that he wrote much of the book while lying at the hospital. Since the hospital was a stressful and horrible period of his life, I can conclude that some of the book had been written under pressured circumstances. This is also shown on page 70 – 72, where he narrates about being a part in the Marine Corps with a quick tempo, the usage of large letters and unfinished sentences out of context. This situation could symbolize a confused and dramatic time in the military. Throughout the book is authentic it is a little typical that Ron Kovic was born on the fourth of July, since it is date of the American Independence Day. But if we look at the figurative meaning in the date of his birthday, I think it symbolizes his patriotism and love for his country. He truly has a passion to do whatever his country demands him to do, in this case by joining them in the war against freedom. Another side of the matter is that when he returns home as a cripple, he did not fell anything towards his country expect betrayal. This aspect is a contrast towards the originally meaning, but you cannot hide from your own birthday and I think that it symbolizes that he still care about his country. When Ron Kovic was born it is mentioned that, the fourth of July started with a big firecracker. Also when he got shot the word firecracker appears again. So it literally started with a firecracker and ended with it as well. John Wayne was Ron Kovic’s favorite actor. He especially liked the scene where John Wayne raised the American flag on Iwo Jima. I think that John Wayne symbolize Kovic’s imagination of himself, but also about being a hero by serving his country. In other words the actor’s actions were the reason that Kovic wanted to fight for his country. Kovic wanted to enter the war as a hero and return as it as well, just like it happens in the movies. Kovic is also very naive to think that fiction could portray the realistic like that. I believe that the whole identity and attitude of Ron Kovic’s symbolizes that war is not going to solve anything at all. He may also symbolize that giving up is not an opportunity. I think the book â€Å"Born on the Fourth of July† is well written and actually quite good. As I said in my introduction the book gives the reader a very good personal perspective of the Vietnam War. The book also contains a variety of life confirming aspects and morals. In this essay I have enlightened the person of Ron Kovic, by describing him as he appears in the book. I have also taken a closer look at the narration and the usage of symbols as supporting paragraphs. Mark Lund. 1649 words. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://da. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vietnamkrigen How to cite Born on the Fourth of July, Papers

What Constitutes Plagiarism free essay sample

Two things you can avoid being accused Of plagiarism, paraphrasing (re- writing in your own words) Textbooks and other articles are only used as a source of information from which you can write in your own words, what are relevant points. When you need to rely on source text for information paraphrasing should be used the most. Also compare important points of views of different authors that you have read, add own comments on the topic under discussion.Which you can compare different authors that you have read, and add your own. You will come up with a very good assignment. Following the rules when copying directly from the text. There will be times where you can quote the source the way it is. You must follow certain rules. You must rarely copy whole paragraphs in your writing. Short part of a source text can be copied if needed. The exact source of your quotation must be known. We will write a custom essay sample on What Constitutes Plagiarism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It must be shown clearly. You might want to copy directly when words are to the point to your assignment or discussion.Does plagiarism exist in the early childhood education system and how does it differ from what is expected at university? Plagiarism does exist in the early childhood education system as teachers use resources adapted from another work which may be considered as a direct repetition or anothers work lot photocopying as children constantly copy other words, ideas of other resources. At university students get punished for plagiarism as children in early childhood setting are encouraged to copy it is important for their learning journey.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT Woman S

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN: A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT: Woman SYMBOL: WO DISCOVERER Adam ATOMIC MASS: Accepted as 118 lbs, known to vary from 110 to 550 lbs. OCCURRENCE: Copious quantities throughout the world. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Surface usually covered with a painted film. 2. Boils at nothing, freezes without reason. 3. Melts if given special treatment. 4. Bitter if incorrectly used. 5. Found in various states ranging from virgin metal to common ore. 6. Yields to pressure applied to correct points. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Has great affinity for gold, silver, platinum and precious stones. 2. Absorbs great quantities of expensive substances. 3. May explode without prior warning and for no known reason. 4. Insoluble in liquids, but activity greatly increased by alcohol. 5. Most powerful money-reducing agent known to man. COMMON USES: 1. Highly ornamental, especially in sports cars. 2. Can be a great aid to relaxation. TESTS: 1. Pure specimen turns rosy pink when discovered in natural state. 2. Turns green when placed beside a better specimen. HAZARDS: 1. Highly dangerous except in experienced hands. 2. Illegal to possess more than one at a time.

Apple Inc. Secrets Revealed

Apple Inc. Secrets Revealed Apple sparked the personal computer revolution in the 1970s by introducing Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 80s with the Macintosh. Apple Inc. is committed to bringing the best computing experience to creative professional, students, educators, and customers around the globe through innovative software, hardware, and Internet offerings APPLE INC. CASE STUDY Apple Inc. has survived in a competitive and dynamic market to become one of the leading companies in the electronics industry. This case study reflects on some aspects of the company including history, products, competitors, innovation strategy, business strategy, and strategic management. The study will then examine the key success factor of the company and conduct a SWOT analysis. History and Background Apple is an American company founded by Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Jobs in April 1976. Initially, the company was primarily involved in developing and selling personal computers. The company was then incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. in January 1977 and renamed to Apple Inc. in January 2007. The current owners of Apple Inc. are the major shareholders such as Tim Cook, Arthur Levinson, Craig Federighi, Albert Gore Junior, Bruce Sewell, and institutional shareholders such as The Vanguard Group. Over the last six years, Apples income has been consistently on the rise. In the year 2015, the company made $53.4 billion annual profits, the highest in the companys history. It is not clear from Apple Companys Website what the mission statement of the company is. However, Steve Jobs mission statement for the company in the 1980s was: To make a contribution to the world by developing tools for the mind that bring progress to humankind. A relatively new mission statement for the company states: Apple sparked the personal computer revolution in the 1970s by introducing Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 80s with the Macintosh. Apple Inc. is committed to bringing the best computing experience to creative professional, students, educators, and customers around the globe through innovative software, hardware, and Internet offerings. For high-quality custom essay writing services, sign up and order paper online You could be asking yourself what exactly the company produces. Apple Inc. has come a long way and is now a world leader in the electronics industry. The business has developed several products and services and has over 375 retail shops worldwide. The company is popular for its hardware products such as the Mac line of computers, the iPhone Smartphone, the Apple iWatch, the iPad tablet computer, and the iPod media player among others. Apple Inc. is also known for its software products such as iOS and OS X operating systems. Apple Innovation Strategy To Apple Inc. innovation is more of a culture than a process. Apple has produced innovative products that have propelled it to the pinnacle of the information technology and electronics industries. However, the company does not just focus on developing beautiful and innovative products; they also have a very innovative business model. For instance, it is apparent that the success of iPod and iPhone can be attributed to the fact that these products were matched with iTunes and App Store respectively. It is also interesting to note that Apple Inc. has crossed many industry-defined boundaries to establish an innovation-friendly business ecosystem. The business deals with hardware, software, entertainment, and logistics, and has made significant impacts in these industries. For example, App Store is the largest collection of mobile applications which makes the Apple iPhone even better. Apple iTunes which is an innovative business model provides an interface that is easy to use on which people pay for music they like if they get it at their desired prices. Apple Company has demonstrated, through their terrific innovation management, that product design and user-friendliness are major determinants of success in the modern business environment. Apples Main Competitors Apple deals with many different products. As a result, the company has to compete in several different markets. Each of these markets has other big producers controlling significant market shares. For instance, Microsoft is the major competitor in the market for computer operating systems. Amazon and Microsoft have their own smart tablet and have carved out a significant market that used to be largely dominated by Apple. Samsung remains the biggest Apples competitor in the Smartphone market. Google challenges Apple in different market fronts such as cloud storage where Apple iCloud has to compete with Google Drive. Apples Success Factors Despite the nature of competition that Apple Company face, the company happens to be one of the most successful businesses in the United States and the world in general. So we seek to understand what factors fuel Apples success. Below is a rundown Apple Inc. success factors. 1. Innovative Activities: Apple Inc. is successful because it has been consistent on the issue of innovation. Innovation is one of the strongest cultures of the company. Over the past decade, Apple Inc. launched the following game-changing innovations: The Apple iPhone The Apple iPod The Apple iTunes The App Exchange The App Store Through innovation, Apple has managed to survive for 30 years in a market that is highly competitive and dynamic. 2. Retail Distribution Network: Generally, Apple distributes its products through direct sales, retail stores, online stores, and value added resellers. Apple opened its largest US retail store in Boston to increase its domestic sales. This comprehensive local and international market network is one of the factors that have significantly influenced the success of Apple Inc. 3. Well recognized brand: Apple is one of the most popular brands in the electronics industry. By focusing on customers and product quality, Apple has established itself as a reputable and respectable brand. As a result, it has millions of customers around the world who are loyal to the brand. To some extent, the brand sells the companys products. 4. Advertising Differentiation: Since the company was founded, Apple Inc. has been recognized for its creative approach to advertising. Its advertisements are unique in that they are planned in such a way that they imitate a setup of selling its products to creative people. The most noticeable advertisement campaign include the Super Bowl Commercial of the 1980s, Think Differently in 1990s, and The iPod People in 2000s. Apple Strategic Management At the core of Apples strategic management is the customer. To compete effectively, Apple seeks to understand what the customer wants and responds accordingly. Apple has remained competitive for three decades because it has always maintained an open mind and created designs that meet or exceed their customers expectations. Apple Inc. also embraces innovation and quality as important features of its strategic plan. A couple of years ago, the company reiterated that it would embark on a plan to compete on the basis of quality. Production of high quality and unique products has facilitated the establishment of a reliable brand which now has cult-like following around the world, and this has placed Apple at the top particularly in the Smartphone market. Apple  Business Strategy Apple Inc. relies on Generic Business Strategy (Porters Model) and Intensive Growth Strategy. These strategies directly influence the companys strategies when it comes to marketing and pricing among other areas of business. The Generic Model influences the features that differentiate Apple and its products from competitors. On the other hand, Apple Company uses innovation and product development as its core intensive growth strategy. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis highlights the key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that Apple Inc. faces. 1. Strengths A strong brand image Financial strength Market leadership in several products High-profit margin Well-developed supply-chain infrastructure 2. Weaknesses High prices compared to competitors Technical issues to do with product functionality Narrow product range Incompatibility of Apple products with other companies products 3. Opportunities Product diversification Research and development Increasing product compatibility Establishment of strategic partnerships with other companies elsewhere in the world 4. Threats Intensified competition from China, South Korea, and India Loss of the companys innovative potential due to the demise of inspirational founder, Steve Jobs Increasing manufacturing cost How Apple Inc. Changed the World It is apparent that Apple is now one the most profitable companies in the world. However, the company had to make radical changes in the world to get there. For instance, the Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer to use graphical user interface. This innovation has had a major impact on how the world knows and uses the computer today. For high quality and original essays, sign up and go to write my essay. You can also view our free essay sample. From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that innovation has been core to the success of Apple Inc. Strong brand, a well developed retail distribution infrastructure, and advertising differentiation have also been key success factors for the company. Although the company has a number of weaknesses and faces several threats, the company also has many areas of strength, and the opportunities for growth are numerous. Thus, there is a potential for further growth in the future.

Athenian Democracy and Meritocracy

Athenian Democracy and Meritocracy To what extent did the Athenian democracy live up to its ideology of being a meritocracy, and to what extent was power still in the hands of the wealthy? Athenian democracy was an evolving process in the 5 th century B.C. The concentration of power in the political establishment would change considerably from when the first seeds were planted until the voting citizenship was expanded and new leaders emerged towards the end of the century. Democracy was not instituted in the name of human rights but for pragmatic purposes and it is necessary that we look at it in this light when considering whether Athens was a meritocracy and whether the wealthy still held considerable power in Democratic Athens. It is certainly true that Athenian Democracy, like all systems, on paper differed considerably to how it was implemented. In this essay I will argue that Athenian Democracy was largely successful in implementing a state democracy in which, to a large extent, there were no obvious discrepan cies over who was favoured in matters of society and the state. I will show that the Athenian constitution largely kept the city as a meritocracy, making its citizens equal before the state in matters of legality and political power. However, I will also consider the limitations of Athenian Democracy and to what extent certain functions may have limited its success. I will argue that the power of the wealthy was in most respects limited by the structure of the state but was held back to some extent by the inevitable advantages that come from wealth. I will mainly be arguing that whatever limitations there were, they were not enough to have a damaging effect on democracy as a whole. The Athenian Democracy allowed that only adult males of Athenian ancestry were part of the democratic system, which overall made up around 10-20% of the demos. Slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners in Athens) were excluded. It is obvious from this that to label Athens as a meritoc racy in the modern sense is absurd. In this essay, I will consider Athens as a meritocracy in terms of the rights and opportunities of those who are citizens, not from those who aren’t and will therefore consider to what extent Athenian Democracy worked the way it was supposed to. The wealthy did not hold power to the extent that it harmed the democratic process. The wealthy certainly did have many advantages compared to the poor, but this is not necessarily any comment upon Athenian democracy simply an inevitability that those with wealth will be able to achieve more than those without. The wealthy had power but not to an extent that was greatly damaging to the state. When defining wealth, I will consider Aristotle’s definition as including money, land, real estate, furniture, livestock and a high quality and quantity of slaves (Rhet. 1361a12-16). There was most definitely a significant wealth inequality amongst Athens’s citizens whereby the leisure class (thos e who didn’t need to work as a result of family fortunes, nobility etc.) made up roughly 5-10% of the populace. This class barrier was certainly realised by the lower classes who often showed their resentment at the wealthy. However despite this inequality, they did not see this as particularly affecting when it came down to the political and legal powers of the people, as this inequality was grudgingly accepted. Wealth discrepancies were not seen as unjust as potential legal or political barriers that may have affected the citizens. (see Ober ch.5)

Identify an organization(public or nonprofit) in the grater NYC area Essay

Identify an organization(public or nonprofit) in the grater NYC area and conduct an analysis - Essay Example all to provide humanitarian help by 300 volunteers who were made up of health practitioners: doctors, nurses and other employees who added value to the course (Suen, 2002). The founding principal of this organization is that; all people of whatever gender, race, religion or political inclination, have a right to medical care irrespective of their geographic location. Volunteer members of MSF remain true to their professional code of ethics in the execution of their humanitarian functions and are not inclined to any powers whatsoever, be they economic, political or religious. Besides the above specifics as contained in the n charter, MSF has guiding principles that define its unique operational model. Accoirding to Suen (2002), below are the fundamental doctrines that define this non-profit entity: Medical Ethics: The organization’s actions are fundamentally medical. In this regard, MSF works within the confines of ethical codes in medicine with the core purpose of providing care that does not harm individuals or victim groups. The members, therefore, respect patient autonomy, confidentiality and their right to enlightened consent. Despite their patients being in desperate need, these medical codes are always observed and patient dignity is always upheld. Their cultural and religious beliefs are respected as MSF strives towards the provision of superior quality medical care to all patients in need. Independence: MSF offers assistance to any country in need after an independent assessment of the population’s needs. The organization, therefore, works extremely hard to enjoy the power to freely move among the population to evaluate their medical needs and take full control of their aid. To achieve this power, MSF has a policy of receiving a small portion of their donor funding from governments and other intergovernmental institution. Involving governments make it easier for the organization to work freely even in areas of dangerous political

Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 7 discussion - Essay Example Moreover, the process of teaching writing skills to kindergarten students is not random or haphazard; instead, it entails a structured, systematic procedure. Development of phonemic awareness represents the first step; whereby, students learn about phonemes, which are the basic sound units and crucial to spelling and writing different words (learning of sound-symbol relationship). The second step entails teaching children how to hold writing materials, and how to space letters appropriately. The following advanced stages entail prompting the students to generate ideas mentally and represent them in short sentences that later add up to a paragraph. For example, a teacher might ask students to talk about what and who constitute their family. During the earlier stages, teachers delegate limited autonomy to the students; however, in the advanced stages, they relinquish autonomy to the students (Mumford, 2009). Mumford, P. (2009, March 23). Teaching Writing in Kindergarten: A Structured Approach to Daily Writing That Helps Every Child Become a Confident, Capable Writer by Randee Bergen. Retrieved from National Writing Project:

Daignosis of Pi in Life of Pi Essay Example for Free

Daignosis of Pi in Life of Pi Essay Piscine Molitor Patel, after floating on the ocean for 227 days, was discovered exhausted and pale. There is no abnormalities in vital signs discovered, which indicates that with proper cares and rest, his body will function well. In spite of his physical health, his mental health should be particularly examined in detail. Without precedent case, more details and aspects should be included to consider, when evaluating if Pi is suitable to integrate to society again. Furthermore, since the incredible survival is told by Pi in first person point of view, we have reason to take a skeptical attitude on the truth of the story. It is best to present both pros and cons before jumping into the judgment. Regarding the opinion of pi developing an even stronger personality, evidences are obvious. The survival fully proves that Pi kept wisdom and logic under such terrible condition. Being with the fiercest animals and floating on the ocean for 227 days, most people can not suffer the mental pressure, and collapse even before they get to land. People are defeated by loneliness, desperation and mental disorder caused by physical illness. Pi is not one of them. Base on the fact that he not only survived but also is able to tell and remember the whole experience, it is unquestionable that Pi went through the hardship with an active and positive attitude. He himself even claimed that â€Å"with time and experience, I became a better hunter. I grew bolder and more agile. I developed an instinct, a feel, for what to do. (Chapter66)† In addition, Pi thought about helping others in the future, while his own destiny was still a mystery. In Chapter 71, he provided nine advices for those who should ever be in the same circumstance as he did. It suggests that Pi was sober enough to even consider contributing back to the society in the future. Although Pi underwent miseries and adversity, he overcame all the challenges and developed a stronger personality to face the life in modern society. Nevertheless, more worries and suspicions are discovered. Pi will face the grief of losing the whole family, which he ignored due to the desire for survival. Meanwhile, he also has to envisage the fact that being a vegetarian; he committed the unpardonable crime, killing animals. Moreover, aking into the consideration of mental disorder; some parts of the dictation would be doubted as psychological disorder, such as delusional disorder. To begin with, when he saw the death of zebra, it reminds him again of his family’s death. He was over whelmed when he mourned his family, as he said â€Å"It is like losing—I’m sorry, I would rather not go on. I lay down on the tarpaulin and spent the whole night weeping and grieving, my face hurried in my arms. (Chpater46)† Losing family is hard and cruel to accept. When he was on the boat, life was on the top of the list. However when he came back to modern society, without accompany, the horrible memory would torture him to death. To make the situation even worse, Pi still held hope that his family somehow is alive when he saw the ship. Hope collapses when he discovers the truth. Not only he has to face the fact that everyone he loved and loved him dead, but also, he as a vegetarian inevitably has to confess his guilty of killing animals. No matter whether he keeps being a vegetarian or not, Pi suffers from repentance and ambivalence. After getting used to kill, he repented by saying â€Å"To think that when I was a child I always shuddered when I snapped open a banana because it sounded to me like the breaking of an animal’s neck. I descended to a level of savagery. † When Pi returns to modern society, how should he persist what he used to believe? Above all, according to the dictation of Pi, he suffered from the illness during the drifting; it is likely that Pi developed delusional disorder. When Pi cheered for the appearance of a ship, he blazed with joy. However the ship missed them and even bore down on them. It is had to believe that such conspicuous lifeboat could be missed as there was a tiger on it. As people lost in desert see mirage, Pi might also saw the ship because his desire for survival was so strong that it drove him crazy temporarily. Based on the diagnosis criteria of delusional disorder, â€Å"Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or bizarre. †(1), we suggest that Pi take a series of examination to determine whether he is mentally healthy. As was previously stated, such experience with no doubt is a life-changing experience. Although adversity stiffened his spine, Pi’s psychological health was unconsciously devastated. The sudden change of environment would result in the failure of self recognition. His formal value of life was destroyed during the disaster. However he himself also can not accept the way of life in wild. We conclude that bring Pi back to society requires a series of procedures and treatment. With proper Psychological counseling, Pi would be able to reconstruct his life and value, until then, we do not suggest Pi get back to society immediately.

Texas Annexation :: essays research papers

Narrative History of Texas Annexation, Secession, and Readmission to the Union Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States in the first election following independence in 1836. However, throughout the Republic period (1836-1845) no treaty of annexation negotiated between the Republic and the United States was ratified by both nations. When all attempts to arrive at a formal annexation treaty failed, the United States Congress passed--after much debate and only a simple majority--a Joint Resolution for Annexing Texas to the United States. Under these terms, Texas would keep both its public lands and its public debt, it would have the power to divide into four additional states "of convenient size" in the future if it so desired, and it would deliver all military, postal, and customs facilities and authority to the United States government. (Neither this joint resolution or the ordinance passed by the Republic of Texas' Annexation Convention gave Texas the right to secede.) In July 1845, a popularly-elected Constitutional Convention met in Austin to consider both this annexation proposal as well as a proposed peace treaty with Mexico which would end the state of war between the two nations, but only if Texas remained an independent country. The Convention voted to accept the United States' proposal, and the Annexation Ordinance was submitted to a popular vote in October 1845. The proposed Annexation Ordinance and State Constitution were approved by the Texas voters and submitted to the United States Congress. The United States House and Senate, in turn, accepted the Texas state constitution in a Joint Resolution to admit Texas as a State which was signed by the president on December 29, 1845 . Although the formal transfer of government did not occur until February 19, 1846, Texas statehood dates from the 29th of December. Opposition to Texas' admission to the United States was particularly strong in the North during this period. If a challenge to the constitutionality of the move could have been made successfully at that time, there is little doubt that the leaders of the opposition would have instituted such a suit in the Supreme Court. Sixteen years later, in January 1861, the Secession Convention met in Austin and adopted an Ordinance of Secession on February 1 and a Declaration of Causes on February 2. This proposal was approved by the voters, but even before Texas could become "independent" as provided for in the text of the Ordinance, it was accepted by the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America as a state on March 1, 1861.

Role of Urbanization in the Aegean

The Aegean civilizations, the Assyrians, and the Israelites, though in the same hemisphere, were three distinct kingdoms. Each developed into its own kingdom with its own set of rules, beliefs, religion, and political concepts. Ultimately, each had its own culture. Yet, there was something that underlied these three cultures that connected them in a subtle manner. All three of these civilizations underwent urbanization. Though the specific cultures of each civilization developed differently, the role of urbanization affected each in roughly the same way.During this period of the Late Bronze Age, commerce and communication boomed exponentially. No longer would kingdoms maintain their isolationist beliefs. They had to trade and interact with other cultures in order to maximize opportunity cost and obtain as many foreign goods as possible. This inevitably resulted in shared cultures and assimilated beliefs. Along the Aegean Sea, the Minoans had widespread connections to Egypt, Syria, an d Mesopotamia. Similarly, Mycenaean Greece traded with many civilizations, including its neighbor the Minoans.The early Greeks were most likely influenced by Minoan architecture and pottery. Its sudden wealth also came from trade with Minoan. In the Assyrian kingdom, they also developed trade centers. They imported goods like metals, fine textiles, dyes, gems, ivory, and silver. Because of trade centers, specialization arose, creating jobs like artisans and merchants. In the Israel kingdom, King Solomon created alliances with the Phoenicians and thus developed a trading partner. Together, the Phoenicians and the Israelites explored the Red Sea to find any hidden treasures.The creation of urban centers helped facilitate this trade, and thus, expanded the perspectives of these cultures. Through interaction with other civilizations, cultures were shared and ideas, along with goods, were traded. Because of an influx of commerce and communication, a powerful military must also be kept. U rban centers helped control the military in order to facilitate trade. The Minoans and Mycenaeans developed strong seafaring skills and created wooden vessels to help them trade around the Mediterranean.They exported wine, olive oil, and textiles, and in return imported amber, ivory, and most importantly, metals. In the Assyrian kingdom, there was a superior military organization with professional soldiers. The Assyrians developed iron weapons, dug tunnels, and built mobile towers for archers. Not only did they develop military tactics for conquest, but they also used terror tactics to discourage resistance and rebellion and ultimately maintain control. As for the Israelites, David became the first king and he united the tribes into a monarchy.These urban centers established stronger royal authority and led to an army in order to expand borders in search of natural resources. Stronger militaries meant stronger civilizations, so urbanization helped strengthen the power of nobility an d expand borders. Last but not least, urbanization helped develop societal structures, religious ideals, and art and technology. Unlike other civilizations, Minoans did not have strong, aristocratic leaders. In Mycenaean Greece, an elite class did develop.Shaft graves, burial sites for the elite, were filled with gold, weapons, and utensils, revealing that the ancient Greeks believed in some form of afterlife. The cities also had fortification walls and palaces filled with paintings from war and daily life. In contrast, the Assyrians used terror to maintain order in society. The king was the center of the Assyrian universe. Everything he did was mandated by the god Ashur. Through government propaganda, royal inscriptions, and ruthless punishments, the king maintained power in the kingdom.The Library of Ashurbanipal gives insight into official documents and literary texts to help portray the daily life of the elite members of Assyrian society. As for the Israelites, monotheism became the crux of Israelite society. They built temples as sanctuaries in order to link religious and political power. Priests became a wealthy class, thus creating a gap between the urban and the rural, the rich and the poor. In families, there were also gender gaps. Male heirs were critical. While women were respected, they could not own property. As society urbanized, their roles became more and more limited and specialized.While these little bits and pieces of everyday life in these ancient civilizations may seem insignificant, they are like pieces of an infinitely large puzzle. If we can uncover as many pieces as we can and put them together, we can approximate a picture of what life was like in these ancient civilizations. We can figure out how urbanization was important to the development of these kingdoms, and use these cultural artifacts to uncover what daily life was like. After all, artifacts are the key to our past. Without them, our past would be an elusive enigma.

Part Six Chapter IV

IV The police had picked up Krystal Weedon at last as she ran hopelessly along the river bank on the very edge of Pagford, still calling her brother in a cracked voice. The policewoman who approached her addressed her by name, and tried to break the news to her gently, but she still tried to beat the woman away from her, and in the end the policewoman had almost to wrestle her into the car. Krystal had not noticed Fats melting away into the trees; he did not exist to her any more. The police drove Krystal home, but when they knocked on the front door Terri refused to answer. She had glimpsed them through an upstairs window, and thought that Krystal had done the one unthinkable and unforgivable thing, and told the pigs about the hold-alls full of Obbo's hash. She dragged the heavy bags upstairs while the police hammered at the door, and only opened up when she considered that it had become unavoidable. ‘Whatcha wan'?' she shouted, through an inch-wide gap in the door. The policewoman asked to come in three times and Terri refused, still demanding to know what they wanted. A few neighbours had begun to peer through windows. Even when the policewoman said, ‘It's about your son, Robbie,' Terri did not realize. †E's fine. There's nuthin' wrong with ‘im. Krystal's got ‘im.' But then she saw Krystal, who had refused to stay in the car, and had walked halfway up the garden path. Terri's gaze trickled down her daughter's body to the place where Robbie should have been clinging to her, frightened by the strange men. Terri flew from her house like a fury, with her hands outstretched like claws, and the policewoman had to catch her round the middle and swing her away from Krystal, whose face she was trying to lacerate. ‘Yeh little bitch, yeh little bitch, what've yeh done ter Robbie?' Krystal dodged the struggling pair, darted into the house and slammed the front door behind her. ‘For fuck's sake,' muttered the policeman under his breath. Miles away in Hope Street, Kay and Gaia Bawden faced each other in the dark hallway. Neither of them was tall enough to replace the light bulb that had been dead for days, and they had no ladder. All day long, they had argued and almost made up, then argued again. Finally, at the moment when reconciliation seemed within touching distance, when Kay had agreed that she too hated Pagford, that it had all been a mistake, and that she would try and get them both back to London, her mobile had rung. ‘Krystal Weedon's brother's drowned,' whispered Kay, as she cut Tessa's call. ‘Oh,' said Gaia. Knowing that she ought to express pity, but frightened to let discussion of London drop before she had her mother's firm commitment, she added, in a tight little voice, ‘That's sad.' ‘It happened here in Pagford,' said Kay. ‘Along the road. Krystal was with Tessa Wall's son.' Gaia felt even more ashamed of letting Fats Wall kiss her. He had tasted horrible, of lager and cigarettes, and he had tried to feel her up. She was worth much more than Fats Wall, she knew that. If it had even been Andy Price, she would have felt better about it. Sukhvinder had not returned one of her calls, all day long. ‘She'll be absolutely broken up,' said Kay, her eyes unfocused. ‘But there's nothing you can do,' said Gaia. ‘Is there?' ‘Well †¦' said Kay. ‘Not again!' cried Gaia. ‘It's always, always the same! You're not her social worker any more! What,' she shouted, stamping her foot as she had done when she was a little girl, ‘about me?' The police officer in Foley Road had already called a duty social worker. Terri was writhing and screaming and trying to beat at the front door, while from behind it came the sounds of furniture being dragged to form a barricade. Neighbours were coming out onto their doorsteps, a fascinated audience to Terri's meltdown. Somehow the cause of it was transmitted through the watchers, from Terri's incoherent shouts and the attitudes of the ominous police. ‘The boy's dead,' they told each other. Nobody stepped forward to comfort or calm. Terri Weedon had no friends. ‘Come with me,' Kay begged her mutinous daughter. ‘I'll go to the house and see if I can do anything. I got on with Krystal. She's got nobody.' ‘I bet she was shagging Fats Wall when it happened!' shouted Gaia; but it was her final protest, and a few minutes later she was buckling herself into Kay's old Vauxhall, glad, in spite of everything, that Kay had asked her along. But by the time they had reached the bypass, Krystal had found what she was looking for: a bag of heroin concealed in the airing cupboard; the second of two that Obbo had given Terri in payment for Tessa Wall's watch. She took it, with Terri's works, into the bathroom, the only room that had a lock on the door. Her aunt Cheryl must have heard what had happened, because Krystal could hear her distinctive raucous yell, added to Terri's screams, even through the two doors. ‘You little bitch, open the door! Letcha mother see ya!' And the police shouting, trying to shut the two women up. Krystal had never shot up before, but she had watched it happen many times. She knew about longboats, and how to make a model volcano, and she knew how to heat the spoon, and about the tiny little ball of cotton wool you used to soak up the dissolved smack, and act as a filter when you were filling the syringe. She knew that the crook of the arm was the best place to find a vein, and she knew to lay the needle as flat as possible against the skin. She knew, because she had heard it said, many times, that first-timers could not take what addicts could manage, and that was good, because she did not want to take it. Robbie was dead, and it was her fault. In trying to save him, she had killed him. Flickering images filled her mind as her fingers worked to achieve what must be done. Mr Fairbrother, running alongside the canal bank in his tracksuit as the crew rowed. Nana Cath's face, fierce with pain and love. Robbie, waiting for her at the window of his foster home, unnaturally clean, jumping up and down with excitement as she approached the front door †¦ She could hear the policeman calling to her through the letter box not to be a silly girl, and the policewoman trying to quieten Terri and Cheryl. The needle slid easily into Krystal's vein. She pressed the plunger down hard, in hope and without regret. By the time Kay and Gaia arrived, and the police decided to force their way in, Krystal Weedon had achieved her only ambition: she had joined her brother where nobody could part them.

Changing Your Address With the Canada Revenue Agency

Changing Your Address With the Canada Revenue Agency When you move, you should notify the Canada Revenue Agency  as soon as possible. Keeping your address up to date will make sure that you receive your income tax refund and benefit payments, including related provincial payments, such as GST/HST credit payments, universal child care benefit payments, Canada child tax benefit payments and working income tax benefit advance payments, without interruption. You cant change your address as youre using NETFILE to file your income taxes online. Personal information is not passed along with the online return. You must change your address before you submit your income tax return by NETFILE. There are several ways to inform the CRA of your change of address. Online Use the My Account Tax Service. By Phone Call the Individual Income Tax Enquiries telephone service at 1-800-959-8281. Complete an Address Change Request Form You can print and complete the address change request form and mail it to the appropriate tax center listed on the bottom of the form. You can fill it in online, then save it to file or print it, sign it and then send it to your tax center, following the CRA instructions. Write or Fax the CRA Send a letter or fax to your CRA tax center. Include your signature, social insurance number, old and new address and the date of your move. If you are including other people in your change of address request, such as your spouse or non-married partner, be sure to include information for each person and make sure each person also signs the letter to authorize the change.

The theory of online tutoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The theory of online tutoring - Essay Example In spite of the popularity of great lecture classes found in colleges, the nucleus of learning is one-to-one conversation between a tutor or mentor and a student. The test has always been to discover ways of instruction that is effective in one-to-one learning relationship. The Internet has nowadays made individual education and instructing realistic and cost efficient to a degree that was never before possible (Bloom B. 1984). Online tutoring plans have great demand these days, especially when it comes to getting qualified in the field of IT owing to its profits and quality, amidst the student society. The modus operandi of the studying procedure is suitable for the students and they get a chance to think out of the box answers. In the online tutoring course, the teacher and the student are involved with synchronization between them. The teacher can have a one to one interface and contact with the students. Apart from these, communication is practical in the sense that they are live and real time. The students can also get their doubts cleared in their IT lessons immediately. They can also take part in a live chat with their teachers and avoid break in their work because of the continuous process of learning. Actually according to Eduventures U.S. ... Such tutoring and learning process would be devoid of mono talking but at the same would be filled with a good deal of creative thinking and fun packed actions. Problem Definition Information is very crucial in the growth of an intelligent tutoring system for IT. For this, we can make use of the repository of educational documents mined from the web and can be made simple by the tutors so that the students easily understand. The content stated above can be reinforced from the following key resources (i) MIT Open Courseware, NPTEL India (ii) .edu domain (iii) Discussion Forums - Google Groups, Yahoo Answers (iv) YouTube, Google Video and Metacafe (v) (vii) Domain specific websites for questions, tutorials etc. Open depositories like Wikipedia and different information pages in the field of IT like blogs etc: - authored by informal users if utilised proficiently will prove a very good resource for learning. Actually, in the US the law admits that those schools labeled as "needing improvement" for three consecutive years in the field of IT are obligatory to render free tutoring services to only students from low-income families (Tutorsforkids.org, 2007). Figure: Problem Definition (Courtesy: 03CS3010_Mayank_Jain.pdf) Online Tutoring Conventionally, auxiliary education service suppliers followed a principle, where after school coaches functioned face-to-face with one or a few number of students at a prearranged and selected amount of time. Nevertheless, the Internet has altered this practice since students now can meet a tutor online via live chat with the use of software such as "Microsoft Net Meeting," instantaneous messaging or by voice over internet protocol (VoIP).

Comparing and contrasting the marriages of John and Margaret Winthrop Essay

Comparing and contrasting the marriages of John and Margaret Winthrop and John and Abigail (Portia) Adams - Essay Example From the analysis that will be performed, it will be plainly obvious to the reader that even though these couples were relatively closely related, in terms of their historical life span and the fact that they both had strong relationships with their spouses, the nature of these relationships were quite dissimilar from one another. Ultimately, the only similarity that can be noted is with respect to the fact that both Abigail and John Adams as well as Margaret and John Winthrop experienced an unbelievably close and intimate relationship in which they shared a litany of their innermost thoughts, fears, longings, and goals. Firstly, with regards to a level contract, it can quickly be, even a cursory level of analysis, that Abigail and John Adams shared an unbelievably close relationship that was tamed with elements of mutual intellectual stimulation, political thought, humanistic interpretations of philosophy, and a litany of other hopes, dreams, and aspirations. As such, the relationsh ip that John and Abigail Adams shared was very much as strong as the relationship of Margaret and John Winthrop shared; however, the key differential was with regards the range and depth of topics that these two discussed within their letters. Whereas one particular letter may be concentric upon focusing on the health concerns that John and Abigail had at any particular time in their life, this discussion could easily segue into religious, philosophical, or political discussions with regards to the way in which the nascent Republic was growing. By means of comparison the relationship that Margaret and John Winthrop shared, as exhibited throughout their letters, was less expansive as compared to John and Abigail Adams. This should not be understood to mean that the relationship that Margaret and John Winthrop illustrated within their letters was somehow less fulfilling or less close than that which has been described between John and Abigail Adams. Rather, the key differential that c an be noted is with respect to the fact that Margaret and John Winthrop’s letters are almost exclusively formulated around a very rigid interpretation of religion and the means through which an Almighty power governs each and every aspect of life; no matter how negligible or no matter how seemingly trivial such an aspect might be. Whereas it is true that different topics besides religion are discussed, a return to religious the means and a focus upon the fact that no matter which alternative, the variant, or decision is brought about in the fullness of time, the Almighty will ensure His will is done. This of course begs the reader to question why Margaret and John Winthrop e’sxpended such a great deal of time and ink discussing the issues that they had. If indeed it were true that their faith was so strong that they placed any and all of their concerns into the divine hands of an Almighty God, one wonders why it was necessary to continually reference these issues and u ltimately end the conversation with a representation of the fact that God was in control and the only thing that they need to do about it was submit their will to him and pray. What can be understood with regards to the differential between these two relationships has to do with the dynamics of how they were formed. Whereas Abigail and John relied upon each other as a function of determining which course of action was best and how they should proceed and consider key situations within their lives,